Are Rubies Red Sapphires? Unraveling the Corundum Conundrum

Yes, rubies are indeed red sapphires. Before you balk at the seeming oversimplification, let’s dive deep into the fascinating world of corundum, the mineral family that births both these iconic gemstones.

Delving into the Realm of Corundum

What Exactly is Corundum?

Corundum is an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) mineral, prized for its hardness (a stellar 9 on the Mohs scale, second only to diamond) and its ability to occur in a dazzling array of colors. When corundum is gem-quality and exhibits a color other than red, it’s known as sapphire. However, when corundum is gem-quality and exhibits a red hue, it earns the coveted title of ruby. Think of corundum as the family name, and ruby and sapphire as distinct members within that family.

The Key Differentiator: Chromium

The defining element that separates a ruby from other sapphires is chromium. Minute traces of chromium within the corundum crystal lattice absorb specific wavelengths of light, resulting in the characteristic red color we associate with rubies. The intensity of the red hue is directly related to the amount of chromium present. A deeper concentration of chromium generally leads to a richer, more vibrant red.

More Than Just Red: Hue, Tone, and Saturation

While chromium is the key to unlocking the red in rubies, the precise hue, tone, and saturation are what determine its quality and value. A “true” ruby red is often described as a vivid, pure red with perhaps a slight hint of bluish-red. Tones can range from light to dark, and saturation refers to the intensity or purity of the color. A ruby with a strong, saturated red color is generally considered more valuable than one that is pale or brownish-red.

Geographic Influences: The Ruby’s Provenance

The geographic origin of a ruby can also significantly impact its value. Historically, rubies from Myanmar (Burma), particularly the “pigeon’s blood” rubies, were considered the pinnacle of ruby quality. These stones boast an intense, fiery red color with a slight fluorescence that makes them appear to glow from within. Other notable sources of rubies include Thailand, Mozambique, Tanzania, and Vietnam, each yielding stones with slightly different characteristics.

Treat Them Right: Enhancements and Alterations

It’s crucial to acknowledge that many rubies undergo treatments to enhance their color and clarity. Heat treatment is a common practice used to remove unwanted color tints, improve clarity, and enhance the overall red hue. Other treatments, such as beryllium diffusion, can introduce color into the surface of the stone. It’s essential for jewelers and gemologists to disclose any treatments a ruby has undergone, as this affects its value and authenticity.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What if a sapphire is pinkish-red? Is it a ruby or a sapphire?

This is where things get a bit nuanced. The distinction between a pink sapphire and a light red ruby can be subjective and often debated within the gemological community. Generally, if the dominant hue is red, it’s classified as a ruby, even if it has pinkish undertones. However, a pinkish-red stone might be considered a pink sapphire if the red is less prominent. The cut-off point is ultimately a matter of professional opinion and market standards.

2. Can sapphires be other colors besides blue?

Absolutely! While blue sapphires are the most well-known, sapphires can occur in a wide range of colors, including yellow, pink, orange, green, purple, and even colorless (white). These are often referred to as “fancy sapphires.” Each color is caused by the presence of different trace elements in the corundum crystal lattice.

3. Are star rubies and star sapphires the same as regular rubies and sapphires?

Not exactly. Star rubies and star sapphires (also known as asteriated rubies and sapphires) exhibit a phenomenon called asterism, which creates a star-like pattern on the surface of the stone. This effect is caused by the presence of microscopic needle-like inclusions (usually rutile) that are aligned in a specific pattern. While they are still corundum, the presence of asterism significantly impacts their value and appearance.

4. How can I tell if a ruby is real or fake?

Distinguishing a real ruby from a synthetic or imitation ruby can be challenging. Look for inclusions (natural imperfections), which are often present in natural rubies. However, some synthetic rubies can also have inclusions. Refractive index testing and specific gravity testing performed by a trained gemologist are reliable methods for identification. Be wary of suspiciously flawless and inexpensive “rubies.”

5. What are some common ruby imitations?

Common ruby imitations include red glass, red spinel, and red garnet. These materials can resemble rubies in appearance, but they lack the hardness, refractive index, and other properties of corundum.

6. How do I care for my ruby jewelry?

Rubies are relatively durable gemstones, but proper care is still essential. Clean your ruby jewelry with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid exposing rubies to harsh chemicals or extreme temperatures. Store ruby jewelry separately from other jewelry to prevent scratches.

7. Are synthetic rubies the same as fake rubies?

No. Synthetic rubies are real rubies in terms of chemical composition and crystal structure (Al2O3 with chromium). However, they are created in a laboratory rather than formed naturally in the earth. Fake rubies are imitations made of different materials altogether, such as glass or plastic.

8. What is the most expensive ruby ever sold?

Some of the most expensive rubies ever sold include the Sunrise Ruby, a 25.59-carat Burmese ruby that sold for over $30 million, and the Graff Ruby, a stunning 8.62-carat Burmese ruby that fetched over $8 million. Size, color, clarity, and origin all contribute to the extraordinary value of these gems.

9. What is the significance of rubies in different cultures?

Rubies have been revered throughout history and across various cultures. In ancient times, they were associated with power, passion, and protection. They were believed to bring good fortune and ward off evil. In some cultures, rubies were considered the “king of gemstones.”

10. Where are most rubies mined today?

While Myanmar (Burma) remains a historically significant source, many rubies are currently mined in Mozambique, Madagascar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Tanzania. Each location produces rubies with unique characteristics in terms of color, clarity, and size.

11. What is the “pigeon’s blood” ruby?

“Pigeon’s blood” is a term used to describe the most prized color of ruby – a vivid, intense red with a slight bluish hue, resembling the color of pigeon’s blood. This color is primarily associated with rubies from Myanmar (Burma) and is highly sought after by collectors and connoisseurs.

12. How does the cut of a ruby affect its appearance?

The cut of a ruby plays a crucial role in maximizing its brilliance and color. A well-cut ruby will reflect light evenly across its surface, enhancing its sparkle and bringing out its true red hue. Poorly cut rubies may appear dull or lifeless, regardless of their inherent color.

In conclusion, while the answer to “Are rubies red sapphires?” is a resounding yes, understanding the nuances of corundum, chromium, color, and origin allows for a deeper appreciation of these magnificent gemstones. Each ruby and sapphire tells a unique story, etched in its crystalline structure and revealed in its vibrant colors.