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Is That Property Sewered? A Homeowner’s Definitive Guide

So, you’re eyeing a new property – congratulations! But before you get swept away by granite countertops and oversized garages, let’s tackle a critical question that can save you thousands of dollars and a whole lot of headaches: Does the property connect to a public sewer system, or does it rely on a septic tank? This seemingly simple question has profound implications for your ongoing maintenance costs, environmental impact, and even the resale value of your home.

The short answer is, there are several ways to determine if a property is connected to a sewer system:

Check municipal records: Contact your local city or county’s water and sewer department. They often have detailed maps and records indicating sewer connections.
Review the property’s disclosures: The seller’s disclosure statement should explicitly state whether the property uses a sewer or septic system.
Inspect property tax records: These records may indicate sewer assessments or fees, suggesting the property is connected.
Examine utility bills: Look for line items related to sewer service.
Consult a professional inspector: A qualified home inspector can usually identify the presence of a sewer line or septic system during an inspection.
Look for visible clues: Sewer access points (manholes) in the yard or a lack of a septic tank mound can indicate a sewer connection.

Let’s dive deeper into each of these methods and explore the nuances of sewer versus septic.

Unearthing the Truth: Where to Look for Sewer Information

Finding out about a property’s sewer status isn’t always as straightforward as flipping a switch. Sometimes, the information is readily available; other times, you need to play detective. Here are the key avenues to explore:

Municipal Records: Your First Stop

The local municipality is the most reliable source for determining sewer connectivity. Here’s why and how to tap into this wealth of information:

Water and Sewer Department: Contact the city or county’s water and sewer department directly. They maintain detailed maps of sewer lines and connections. Call or visit their website to request information about the property. Provide the property address and parcel number for a quicker and more accurate response.
Building Permits and Plans: Request access to the property’s building permits and plans. These documents often include details about the plumbing system, including sewer connections.
GIS Mapping Systems: Many municipalities now offer online Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping. These interactive maps often show the location of sewer lines and connections.

Disclosures: Seller’s Obligation

Sellers are legally obligated to disclose material facts about the property, and whether it’s connected to a sewer or uses a septic system is definitely a material fact.

Seller’s Disclosure Statement: Carefully review the seller’s disclosure statement. This document should explicitly state whether the property is connected to a sewer system. Pay close attention to any “unknown” answers and follow up with further investigation.
Ask Specific Questions: Don’t hesitate to ask the seller or their agent direct questions about the sewer system. Get the answer in writing if possible.

Property Tax Records: Deciphering the Details

Property tax records can provide clues about sewer service through the presence of specific assessments or fees.

Sewer Assessments: Look for line items related to sewer assessments or fees. These charges often indicate that the property is connected to the public sewer system.
Review Tax Bills Online: Most counties have online portals where you can access property tax information. Search for the property address to view the tax bill details.

Utility Bills: A Clear Indicator

Your monthly utility bills can be surprisingly informative.

Sewer Service Charges: Examine the water bill for a separate charge for sewer service. If there’s a sewer charge, it’s a strong indication the property is connected.
Absence of Septic Pumping Fees: If there’s no charge related to septic tank pumping or maintenance, it might indicate connection to a sewer.

Professional Inspection: Leaving No Stone Unturned

A professional home inspection is a critical step in the home-buying process, and it should include an assessment of the sewer or septic system.

Hire a Qualified Inspector: Choose a qualified and experienced home inspector who can identify the presence of a sewer line or septic system.
Specific Inquiry: Be sure to specifically ask the inspector to verify the sewer or septic system.
Visual Inspection: The inspector can visually inspect the property for signs of a septic tank or sewer connection.

Visible Clues: What to Look For

Sometimes, you can find clues about the sewer system simply by looking around the property.

Manhole Covers: Look for sewer access points (manhole covers) in the yard or nearby streets. These indicate the presence of a public sewer line.
Septic Tank Mound: The absence of a raised area or mound in the yard can be an indication of a sewer connection, as septic systems often require a drain field.
Vent Pipes: Look for vent pipes protruding from the ground, which are common with septic systems.

FAQs: Navigating the Sewer System Maze

Here are some frequently asked questions to further illuminate the topic of sewer versus septic systems:

What are the main differences between a sewer system and a septic system? A sewer system is a centralized network of pipes that carries wastewater from homes and businesses to a treatment plant. A septic system is an individual, on-site wastewater treatment system consisting of a septic tank and a drain field.
Why is it important to know whether a property has sewer or septic? Knowing this information is crucial for understanding maintenance costs, potential repair liabilities, and environmental impact. Septic systems require regular maintenance and eventual replacement, while sewer systems involve monthly fees but less individual responsibility.
How often does a septic tank need to be pumped? Generally, a septic tank should be pumped every 3 to 5 years, depending on the size of the tank and the number of occupants in the house.
What are the potential problems with a septic system? Problems can include clogged drain fields, a failing septic tank, and groundwater contamination. These issues can be expensive to repair.
Can I convert a property from septic to sewer? Yes, but it can be costly. The process involves connecting to the public sewer line, abandoning the septic system, and obtaining the necessary permits.
What permits are required for septic system installation or repair? Permits are typically required from the local health department or environmental agency. These permits ensure that the system meets regulations and protects public health.
How do I find a qualified septic system contractor? Check online reviews, ask for referrals from neighbors or friends, and verify that the contractor is licensed and insured.
What are the environmental concerns associated with septic systems? Poorly maintained septic systems can contaminate groundwater with bacteria, viruses, and nitrates, posing a risk to human health and the environment.
What is a sewer backup and who is responsible? A sewer backup occurs when the sewer line becomes blocked, causing wastewater to flow back into the property. Responsibility depends on the location of the blockage. If it’s on the homeowner’s property, they are typically responsible. If it’s on the city’s main line, the city is usually responsible.
Are there any specific regulations regarding sewer lateral lines? Yes, many municipalities have regulations regarding the maintenance and repair of sewer lateral lines, which are the pipes connecting the property to the main sewer line.
How can I prevent sewer backups? Avoid flushing items that can clog the sewer line, such as grease, diapers, and feminine hygiene products. Maintain your sewer lateral line by having it inspected and cleaned periodically.
Where can I find more information about local sewer and septic regulations? Contact your local health department, environmental agency, or city/county government for information on regulations and requirements in your area.

By diligently investigating these avenues and asking the right questions, you can confidently determine whether a property is connected to a sewer system or relies on a septic tank. This knowledge empowers you to make an informed decision and avoid costly surprises down the road. Remember, doing your homework upfront is always the best policy when it comes to real estate.