How to Grade Trading Cards: A Collector’s Definitive Guide

Grading trading cards might seem like arcane wizardry, but it’s really a systematic assessment of a card’s condition and authenticity. This process, conducted by reputable grading companies, assigns a numerical grade typically between 1 and 10, with 10 being a “Gem Mint” perfect card. The grade significantly impacts a card’s value, making it a crucial step for serious collectors looking to buy, sell, or protect their investments. Let’s delve into the how-to.

Understanding the Grading Process: The Four Pillars

Professional card grading isn’t subjective guesswork. It’s rooted in evaluating four key attributes: centering, corners, edges, and surface. Each of these contributes to the final grade.

Centering: The Card’s Visual Harmony

Centering refers to how well the image is aligned on the card stock. Grading companies measure the borders on all four sides. A card with perfectly even borders earns the highest marks. Misalignment, even slight, can detract from the grade. Most grading companies use acceptable tolerance ranges measured in percentage of the card’s surface. For example, a card might need to be within 55/45% on the front and 75/25% on the back to achieve a top grade.

Corners: Sharpness is Key

The corners of a card are highly susceptible to wear and tear. Sharp, crisp corners are essential for high grades. Grading companies meticulously examine the corners for any signs of rounding, fraying, chipping, or whitening (where the underlying card stock is exposed). Damage, even microscopic, impacts the overall grade. Magnification tools are frequently employed to scrutinize these areas.

Edges: A Seamless Frame

Similar to corners, the edges of a card are vulnerable to damage. Grading companies look for smooth, clean edges free from chipping, fraying, nicks, or uneven cutting. A pristine edge indicates careful handling and preservation. Any imperfections, even tiny ones, can lower the card’s score. A sharp edge is a sign of quality printing and handling.

Surface: The Card’s Canvas

The surface of the card is the canvas upon which the image is printed. Grading companies assess the surface for a multitude of imperfections, including scratches, creases, print lines, blemishes, and wax residue. The cleaner and more flawless the surface, the higher the grade. This includes assessing the card’s gloss or texture to ensure it matches production standards. Even fingerprints or subtle surface imperfections can impact the grade.

Choosing a Grading Company: Reliability Matters

Selecting the right grading company is paramount. The industry’s most trusted names include PSA (Professional Sports Authenticator), BGS (Beckett Grading Services), and SGC (Sportscard Guaranty Corporation). These companies have a long track record, consistent grading standards, and a large market following, which helps ensure the graded cards are widely recognized and valued. Consider factors like grading fees, turnaround times, and the company’s reputation when making your decision. While newer companies exist, they often lack the established trust of the older giants.

Preparing Your Cards for Submission: Handle with Care

Before submitting your cards, proper preparation is vital. Clean your cards gently with a soft, lint-free cloth. Avoid using any liquids or harsh chemicals. Enclose each card individually in a soft, acid-free card sleeve (penny sleeve) and then in a semi-rigid card holder (toploader). This provides maximum protection during transit. Organize your cards in the order you wish them to be graded and follow the grading company’s specific submission instructions meticulously. Any errors in the submission form can lead to delays or even rejection.

The Submission Process: Follow the Rules

Each grading company has its own specific submission process. Typically, you’ll need to create an account on their website, fill out an online submission form, specify the card details (set, card number, player/character), and select the desired grading service level (which dictates the turnaround time and cost). You’ll then print out a submission form, carefully package your cards, and ship them to the grading company’s address. Track your package and await confirmation upon arrival.

Understanding Grading Scales: Cracking the Code

Each grading company employs a numerical grading scale, typically ranging from 1 to 10. While the specific nuances might vary, the general meanings are similar:

• 10 (Gem Mint): A perfect card with flawless centering, sharp corners, pristine edges, and a clean surface.
• 9.5 (Gem Mint): Nearly perfect, with only minor imperfections.
• 9 (Mint): An excellent card with very minor flaws.
• 8 (Near Mint-Mint): A high-grade card with some visible wear.
• 7 (Near Mint): A card with noticeable wear, but still in relatively good condition.
• 6 (Excellent-Near Mint): Moderate wear is present.
• 5 (Excellent): Significant wear and possible minor damage.
• 4 (Very Good-Excellent): Considerable wear and possible creasing.
• 3 (Very Good): Heavy wear and visible damage.
• 2 (Good): Significant damage, including creasing, staining, or tearing.
• 1 (Poor): Heavily damaged and in very poor condition.

Beware of self-grading! What you perceive as a “9” might only be a “7” by professional standards.

Post-Grading: Cherish and Protect

Once your cards are graded, they’ll be returned to you encapsulated in a protective slab or holder, along with a grading report. Store your graded cards in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight to prevent fading or damage. Consider insuring your valuable graded cards against loss or theft. Display your graded cards with pride!

FAQs: All Your Grading Questions Answered

FAQ 1: What does “Authentic Altered” or “Authentic” mean on a graded card?

An “Authentic” grade typically means the card is genuine but has a significant flaw, such as trimming or restoration. “Authentic Altered” signifies the card is genuine, but has been intentionally modified from its original state and will have a diminished value. This grade is typically given when the card is deemed ungradable on a numerical scale.

FAQ 2: What is a “raw” card?

A “raw” card is a trading card that has not been professionally graded or authenticated. It is in its original, unaltered state, as it was pulled from a pack or obtained through other means.

FAQ 3: How much does it cost to grade a trading card?

Grading fees vary depending on the grading company, the service level (turnaround time), and the declared value of the card. Expect to pay anywhere from $15 to several hundred dollars per card.

FAQ 4: How long does it take to get a card graded?

Turnaround times vary significantly based on the grading company and the service level you choose. It can range from a few days to several months.

FAQ 5: What types of cards are worth grading?

Generally, high-value, rare, or historically significant cards are the best candidates for grading. Cards in excellent condition are also more likely to benefit from grading.

FAQ 6: How do I know if a grading company is reputable?

Look for companies with a long track record, consistent grading standards, a strong market presence, and positive customer reviews. PSA, BGS, and SGC are the established leaders.

FAQ 7: Can I clean my trading cards before submitting them for grading?

Yes, you can gently clean your cards with a soft, lint-free cloth. Avoid using any liquids or harsh chemicals.

FAQ 8: What is “crossover” grading?

Crossover grading refers to submitting a card already graded by one company to another company for potential regrading. This is often done in hopes of achieving a higher grade.

FAQ 9: Can a graded card be “cracked out” of its holder?

Yes, you can carefully remove a graded card from its holder, but this is generally not recommended as it exposes the card to potential damage and can decrease its value.

FAQ 10: What are sub-grades?

Some grading companies, like BGS, provide sub-grades for each of the four key grading attributes (centering, corners, edges, and surface). These sub-grades offer a more detailed assessment of the card’s condition.

FAQ 11: Does card grading guarantee a higher value?

While grading can increase a card’s value, it’s not a guarantee. The final grade, the card’s inherent value, and market demand all play a role.

FAQ 12: Is it worth grading a card if I just want to protect it?

Yes, even if you aren’t looking to sell, grading encapsulates and protects the card from environmental damage and handling. It also authenticates the card, providing peace of mind.