The Enduring Legacy: What Currency is Jefferson On?

Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, graces the two-dollar bill and the nickel. His image and contributions have secured him a place in the nation’s collective memory, memorialized not only in monuments and historical texts but also in the currency we use every day.

Jefferson’s Imprint on American Currency

While many historical figures have found themselves immortalized on American money, Jefferson’s presence is particularly notable. He appears on both a widely circulated coin, the nickel, and a less common but still legal tender note, the two-dollar bill. Understanding why and how these portrayals came to be provides fascinating insight into American history and numismatic design.

The Two-Dollar Bill: A Portrait of Independence

The two-dollar bill, often perceived as rare or even lucky, features a portrait of Thomas Jefferson on its obverse (front). This portrait is based on a painting by Gilbert Stuart, a renowned American artist known for his portraits of prominent figures, including George Washington.

The reverse (back) of the modern two-dollar bill depicts John Trumbull’s iconic painting, “Declaration of Independence.” This scene shows the presentation of the Declaration of Independence to the Continental Congress, with Jefferson, as the primary author, holding a prominent position. The selection of this particular painting reinforces Jefferson’s critical role in shaping the nation’s founding principles.

The Nickel: Monticello and the “Jefferson Nickel”

The nickel, officially known as the “Jefferson Nickel,” is a more ubiquitous symbol of Jefferson’s legacy. Introduced in 1938, it replaced the Buffalo Nickel and marked the 75th anniversary of Jefferson’s birth. The obverse features a portrait of Jefferson designed by Felix Schlag. The reverse initially depicted Monticello, Jefferson’s iconic plantation home in Virginia, also designed by Schlag.

In 2004 and 2005, the nickel saw temporary design changes as part of the “Westward Journey” series. These designs celebrated the bicentennial of the Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark expedition, events that occurred during Jefferson’s presidency and significantly expanded the United States. However, in 2006, the nickel reverted to Schlag’s original Jefferson portrait on the obverse and a new, more detailed depiction of Monticello on the reverse, designed by Jamie Franki.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Jefferson on Currency

Here are some common questions people have about Thomas Jefferson’s presence on US currency.

1. Why is Jefferson on the Two-Dollar Bill?

The decision to feature Jefferson on the two-dollar bill was likely influenced by his status as a Founding Father and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. The “Declaration of Independence” painting on the reverse further emphasizes this pivotal role. It’s also worth noting that throughout the 20th century, currency designs were periodically updated, and Jefferson’s image was deemed appropriate for continued use.

2. Why is Jefferson on the Nickel?

The nickel was chosen for Jefferson in 1938 as part of a design competition to commemorate the 75th anniversary of his birth. The Treasury Department sought a design that would be both aesthetically pleasing and representative of Jefferson’s legacy. Felix Schlag’s design, featuring a dignified portrait of Jefferson and his beloved Monticello, was selected as the winning entry.

3. Is the Two-Dollar Bill Rare?

While not as commonly encountered as other denominations, the two-dollar bill is not rare. It is still in circulation and readily available at most banks. Its perceived scarcity often leads people to believe it holds significant value, but in most cases, it is worth only its face value.

4. What is the Value of an Old Two-Dollar Bill?

The value of an old two-dollar bill depends on its condition, age, and any unique features or errors it might possess. Generally, older bills in good condition are worth more than their face value. Bills from the 1800s or early 1900s, especially those with unusual serial numbers or printing errors, can be quite valuable to collectors. Consult with a reputable currency appraiser for a precise valuation.

5. What is the Value of an Old Jefferson Nickel?

The value of an old Jefferson nickel depends on its mint year, mint mark (if any), condition, and any potential errors. Some early dates, particularly those in uncirculated condition or with specific errors, can be quite valuable. Search online numismatic resources or consult a coin dealer for accurate appraisals.

6. Who Decides Which Figures Appear on US Currency?

The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint, ultimately decides which figures appear on US currency. These decisions are often influenced by historical significance, public opinion, and the need to update security features and prevent counterfeiting.

7. Has Jefferson Always Been on the Nickel?

Yes, Jefferson has been on the nickel since 1938, with the exception of the temporary “Westward Journey” series in 2004 and 2005. Those temporary designs depicted the Louisiana Purchase and the keelboat used by Lewis and Clark. However, the standard Jefferson portrait and Monticello design returned in 2006.

8. What is Monticello and Why is it on the Nickel?

Monticello was Thomas Jefferson’s plantation home in Virginia. It’s a neoclassical architectural masterpiece designed and built by Jefferson himself. It symbolizes his intellectual pursuits, his connection to the land, and his enduring legacy. Its inclusion on the nickel serves as a constant reminder of Jefferson’s multifaceted contributions to American society.

9. Are There Plans to Change Jefferson’s Image on Currency?

As of the current time, there are no publicly announced plans to remove Jefferson’s image from either the two-dollar bill or the nickel. However, currency designs are periodically reviewed and updated, so future changes are always possible. These changes often involve enhanced security features and modernized portraits.

10. How Does Jefferson’s Philosophy Relate to His Presence on Currency?

Jefferson was a strong advocate for individual liberty, limited government, and the importance of education. His presence on currency can be seen as a symbol of these enduring American values. The Declaration of Independence, which he authored, enshrines the principles of self-governance and equality, ideals that continue to shape the nation’s identity and are reflected in its monetary symbols.

11. What Other Historical Figures are on US Currency?

Besides Thomas Jefferson, other prominent historical figures featured on US currency include George Washington (one-dollar bill and quarter), Abraham Lincoln (five-dollar bill and penny), Alexander Hamilton (ten-dollar bill), Andrew Jackson (twenty-dollar bill), Ulysses S. Grant (fifty-dollar bill), and Benjamin Franklin (hundred-dollar bill). Each of these figures represents significant moments and achievements in American history.

12. Where Can I Learn More About US Currency Design?

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and the United States Mint websites are excellent resources for learning more about US currency design, history, and security features. These websites offer detailed information about the design process, the artists involved, and the measures taken to prevent counterfeiting. Additionally, numismatic organizations and historical societies often provide valuable insights into the evolution of American currency.