How to Tell if Something is Platinum: A Discerning Guide

So, you suspect you’ve stumbled upon a treasure – a piece potentially crafted from the coveted platinum. Excellent! Determining the authenticity of this precious metal requires a keen eye, a bit of knowledge, and sometimes, a few simple tests. Let’s cut to the chase: The definitive ways to tell if something is platinum involve checking for hallmarks, assessing its weight and density, and conducting professional testing. However, that’s just the beginning. Let’s dive deep into how to meticulously examine your piece and separate the genuine article from cleverly disguised imposters.

Unmasking the Imposter: Key Identification Methods

Identifying platinum isn’t a guessing game; it’s about applying a series of checks and observations. Here’s your arsenal:

1. The Hallmarks Speak Volumes

Hallmarks are your first and often most reliable clue. Look closely, using a jeweler’s loupe if necessary, for tiny stamps on the piece. These are legally required markings that indicate the purity of the platinum. Common hallmarks include:

• “PLAT,” “PT,” “Platinum”: These are the most straightforward and indicate a high platinum content.
• “950,” “900,” “850”: These numbers denote the percentage of pure platinum in the alloy (e.g., “950” means 95% platinum).
• “Pt950,” “Pt900,” “Pt850”: A combination of “Pt” and a number, further clarifying the platinum percentage.

Caveat: Just because a piece has a hallmark doesn’t automatically guarantee its authenticity. Counterfeiters can, and do, forge these markings. Always cross-reference hallmarks with other tests. Additionally, older pieces may have worn hallmarks, requiring careful examination.

2. Weighing In: Density and Heft

Platinum is significantly denser than most other metals, including gold and silver. This means a platinum ring will feel noticeably heavier than a gold or silver ring of similar size and dimensions. While you can’t eyeball the precise density, you can get a strong sense of its relative weight.

To get a more definitive answer:

• Find a jeweler with a precise scale: They can weigh the piece and compare it to the expected weight based on its dimensions and design.
• Calculate density (if possible): Measure the volume of the piece (usually by water displacement) and divide the weight by the volume. Platinum has a density of approximately 21.45 g/cm³.

3. The Visual Inspection: Color and Shine

Platinum boasts a naturally white, lustrous appearance. It doesn’t need to be plated to achieve this color, unlike white gold, which is often rhodium-plated to enhance its whiteness. This plating can wear away over time, revealing a slightly yellow tinge underneath. Platinum’s color is inherent and will not change.

However, be cautious: White gold, stainless steel, and even palladium can mimic platinum’s color. This visual inspection is best used in conjunction with other tests.

4. The Scratch Test: Hardness and Durability

Platinum is a very durable metal, but it’s also relatively soft. This means it’s resistant to scratching but, ironically, can develop a patina of small scratches over time. Gold, in contrast, is softer and more prone to deeper, more noticeable scratches. Silver, being the softest of the three, scratches the easiest.

The test: Gently scratch the piece in an inconspicuous area with a soft cloth or your fingernail (avoid using sharp objects, as this can damage the piece). If it scratches easily, it’s likely not platinum. However, this test is not foolproof, as other metals can exhibit similar characteristics.

5. The Magnet Test: Non-Magnetic Properties

Platinum is not magnetic. If your piece is attracted to a magnet, it’s almost certainly not pure platinum. However, some platinum alloys may contain small amounts of magnetic metals, so a slight attraction doesn’t automatically disqualify it. This is a quick and easy initial test but not conclusive.

6. The Acid Test: A Professional Approach

Acid testing involves applying a small amount of specific acids to the piece and observing the reaction. This test should only be performed by a trained professional, as the acids are corrosive and can damage the piece if misused. Different acids will react differently with platinum, gold, silver, and base metals, allowing the jeweler to determine the metal’s composition.

7. Professional Testing: The Ultimate Verdict

For absolute certainty, consult a reputable jeweler or gemologist. They possess specialized equipment and expertise to accurately assess the metal’s composition. Methods include:

• X-ray fluorescence (XRF): A non-destructive method that analyzes the elemental composition of the piece.
• Specific gravity testing: A more precise method for determining density.
• Microscopic examination: Examining the piece under high magnification to identify manufacturing techniques and potential flaws.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Here are some commonly asked questions regarding platinum identification, answered with precision and clarity:

1. Can platinum be scratched?

Yes, platinum can be scratched, but it’s more accurate to say it develops a “patina” of fine scratches over time. Unlike gold, which loses metal when scratched, platinum displaces the metal, resulting in a burnished look.

2. Does platinum tarnish?

No, pure platinum does not tarnish. Tarnish is the result of a chemical reaction with oxygen or sulfur, and platinum is highly resistant to these reactions. However, alloys containing other metals may tarnish slightly.

3. Is platinum always white?

Yes, platinum is naturally white. It doesn’t require plating to achieve its white color, unlike white gold, which is often rhodium-plated.

4. What is the difference between platinum and white gold?

The key differences lie in their composition, color, and durability. Platinum is a naturally white metal, while white gold is yellow gold alloyed with white metals and often plated with rhodium. Platinum is denser and more durable, while white gold is lighter and more prone to scratching and needing re-plating. Platinum also boasts hypoallergenic properties, while white gold may contain nickel, which can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

5. Can I test for platinum at home?

Some initial tests can be done at home, such as visual inspection, weight assessment, and the magnet test. However, for conclusive results, professional testing is recommended.

6. What does “iridium platinum” mean?

“Iridium platinum” indicates that the platinum is alloyed with iridium. Iridium is another platinum group metal that adds hardness and durability to the alloy.

7. What is “ruthenium platinum”?

“Ruthenium platinum” signifies that the platinum is alloyed with ruthenium. Similar to iridium, ruthenium enhances the hardness and wear resistance of the platinum.

8. How much is platinum worth?

The price of platinum fluctuates based on market conditions. You can check current platinum spot prices on financial websites or consult with a reputable precious metals dealer.

9. Is platinum hypoallergenic?

Yes, platinum is generally considered hypoallergenic. It rarely causes allergic reactions, making it an excellent choice for individuals with sensitive skin.

10. Can platinum be rhodium plated?

Yes, platinum can be rhodium plated, although it’s not common. Rhodium plating can enhance the whiteness and shine of platinum, but it’s primarily used on white gold.

11. Where can I sell my platinum?

You can sell your platinum to jewelers, pawn shops, precious metals dealers, and online buyers. It’s crucial to research and compare offers to ensure you receive a fair price.

12. How do I care for platinum jewelry?

Platinum jewelry can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners. Regular polishing with a platinum polishing cloth can help maintain its shine.