Where Do the Best Rubies Come From? Unveiling the Source of Fiery Beauty

The quest for the “best” ruby is subjective, hinging on factors like color, clarity, size, and cut. However, historically and consistently, Myanmar (formerly Burma) rubies, specifically those from the Mogok region, have been considered the pinnacle of ruby quality. These gems are famed for their intense red hue, often described as “pigeon’s blood,” accompanied by a vibrant fluorescence that amplifies their brilliance. Though Myanmar remains a significant producer, exceptional rubies are also found in other locations around the globe.

Unveiling the Mystique of Mogok Rubies

Mogok, a remote valley in upper Myanmar, has been the legendary source of some of the world’s most coveted rubies for centuries. The unique geological conditions in this region contributed to the formation of rubies with exceptional characteristics.

The Secret of “Pigeon’s Blood” Color

The famed “pigeon’s blood” color isn’t just a poetic description; it’s a scientifically measurable phenomenon. Mogok rubies owe their intense red hue to a specific combination of chromium and low iron content. Chromium is the element responsible for the red color in rubies, while iron can dull the hue. The low iron content in Mogok rubies allows the chromium to shine through, resulting in a vivid, pure red.

The Role of Fluorescence

Many Mogok rubies exhibit a strong fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light, particularly natural sunlight. This fluorescence is again due to the presence of chromium. The fluorescence adds a “glow” to the ruby, making it appear even more vibrant and alive, particularly under sunlight. This phenomenon significantly enhances the beauty and desirability of these rubies.

Challenges in Sourcing Mogok Rubies

Despite their legendary status, obtaining Mogok rubies is increasingly challenging. Political instability, limited access to mining areas, and dwindling yields have made them extremely rare and expensive. Today, finding a truly exceptional, untreated Mogok ruby is a significant accomplishment.

Contenders for the Ruby Crown: Other Notable Sources

While Mogok rubies hold a special place in gemological history, other regions produce rubies of remarkable quality that deserve recognition.

Mozambique: A Rising Star

Mozambique has emerged as a major player in the ruby market in recent years, particularly with the discovery of significant deposits in the Montepuez region. Mozambican rubies often boast excellent clarity and a vibrant red color comparable to some Burmese rubies. The advantage lies in their relatively more stable supply and often more accessible pricing.

Thailand: The Historical Gem Trade Hub

Thailand, particularly the Chanthaburi province, has historically been a significant center for ruby trading and treatment. While Thailand itself produces rubies, many of the rubies traded in Thailand originate from neighboring countries like Cambodia and Vietnam. Thai rubies are known for their darker, slightly brownish-red hues. Heat treatment is commonly used to enhance their color and clarity.

Vietnam: Hidden Gems of Southeast Asia

Vietnam, particularly the Luc Yen district, is another source of fine rubies. Vietnamese rubies often display a purplish-red hue and can rival the quality of Burmese rubies in some cases. However, the production is relatively limited.

Other Notable Ruby Sources

Other countries that produce rubies include:

• Sri Lanka: Known for their lighter, pinkish-red rubies.
• Tanzania: Produces rubies with a range of colors, including brownish-red and purplish-red.
• Madagascar: A relatively new player in the ruby market, producing rubies with good color and clarity.
• Afghanistan: Has historically produced fine rubies, but political instability limits access.

What to Look for in a Quality Ruby

Regardless of its origin, the quality of a ruby is determined by several key factors:

• Color: The most important factor. A pure, intense red is most desirable.
• Clarity: The absence of inclusions (internal flaws) improves a ruby’s brilliance and value.
• Cut: A well-cut ruby will maximize its brilliance and color.
• Carat Weight: Larger rubies are rarer and more valuable.
• Treatment: Untreated rubies are more valuable than treated ones.

Conclusion: The Ongoing Quest for Ruby Perfection

While Mogok rubies remain the benchmark for excellence, the global ruby market is diverse, with stunning examples originating from various corners of the world. Ultimately, the “best” ruby is a matter of personal preference and budget. Whether you are drawn to the legendary “pigeon’s blood” hue of a Burmese ruby or the vibrant red of a Mozambican gem, understanding the origins and characteristics of these magnificent stones will enrich your appreciation for their fiery beauty. The key to finding the perfect ruby is to educate yourself and seek the advice of a reputable gemologist.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Rubies

1. What is “pigeon’s blood” ruby? “Pigeon’s blood” is a term used to describe the finest, most intensely red rubies, traditionally associated with rubies from the Mogok region of Myanmar. It refers to a vivid red hue with a hint of fluorescence, creating a vibrant, almost glowing appearance. This color is highly prized and commands a premium price.

2. Are all rubies red? Yes, by definition, a ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum. However, the shade of red can vary from orangey-red to purplish-red. Any other color of corundum is called sapphire.

3. What is the difference between a ruby and a pink sapphire? The distinction between a ruby and a pink sapphire can be subtle and often debated. Generally, if the color is predominantly red, it’s considered a ruby. If the color is predominantly pink, it’s a pink sapphire. The intensity of the red hue is the defining factor.

4. Are rubies treated to enhance their color? Yes, heat treatment is a common practice to improve the color and clarity of rubies. Heat can dissolve inclusions and intensify the red hue. Other treatments, such as beryllium diffusion, are also used, but they are generally less desirable than simple heat treatment.

5. How can I tell if a ruby is treated? Identifying ruby treatments requires specialized gemological equipment and expertise. Gemological laboratories can analyze a ruby to determine if it has been treated and what type of treatment was used.

6. Which ruby is most expensive? Untreated, high-quality rubies with a “pigeon’s blood” color from Myanmar (Mogok) are generally the most expensive. Larger sizes and exceptional clarity further increase their value.

7. What should I look for when buying a ruby? Prioritize color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. Choose a ruby with a vibrant red color, minimal inclusions, and a well-proportioned cut. Always ask about treatments and obtain a gemological certificate from a reputable lab.

8. How do I care for my ruby jewelry? Rubies are relatively hard and durable, but they should still be handled with care. Clean them with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, especially for rubies that have been treated.

9. What is the Mohs hardness of a ruby? Ruby has a Mohs hardness of 9, making it one of the hardest gemstones after diamond. This hardness makes it resistant to scratches and suitable for everyday wear.

10. Is a ruby a good investment? High-quality rubies, particularly those that are untreated and have exceptional color and clarity, can be a good investment. However, the ruby market can fluctuate, so it’s essential to research and consult with a gemologist before investing.

11. What are some famous rubies? Some famous rubies include the Sunrise Ruby (a 25.59-carat Burmese ruby sold for over $30 million), the Graff Ruby (a 8.62-carat Burmese ruby), and the Rosser Reeves Star Ruby (a 138.7-carat star ruby).

12. Where can I get a ruby appraised? You can get a ruby appraised by a qualified gemologist or appraiser associated with a reputable gemological organization, such as the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) or the American Gem Society (AGS). An appraisal will provide an estimated value based on the ruby’s characteristics and current market conditions.